This paper estimates the eects of personality traits and IQ on lifetime earnings of the men and women of the Terman study, a high-IQ U.S. sample. Age-by-age earnings proles allow a study of when personality traits aect earnings most, and for whom the eects are strongest. I document a concave life-cycle pattern in the payos to personality traits, with the largest eects between the ages of 40 and 60. An interaction of traits with education reveals that personality matters most for highly educated men. The largest eects are found for Conscientiousness, Extraversion, and Agreeableness (negative), where Conscientiousness operates partly through education, which also has signicant returns.