The impact of force on the timing of bruises evaluated in a porcine model
Research output: Contribution to journal › Journal article › Research › peer-review
Standard
The impact of force on the timing of bruises evaluated in a porcine model. / Barington, Kristiane; Jensen, Henrik Elvang.
In: Journal of Clinical Forensic and Legal Medicine, Vol. 40, 05.2016, p. 61-66.Research output: Contribution to journal › Journal article › Research › peer-review
Harvard
APA
Vancouver
Author
Bibtex
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
T1 - The impact of force on the timing of bruises evaluated in a porcine model
AU - Barington, Kristiane
AU - Jensen, Henrik Elvang
PY - 2016/5
Y1 - 2016/5
N2 - In animal models developed in order to estimate the age of bruises, focus has been on the changes over time and not considering the force used to inflict the trauma. In the present study, gross and histological changes in 2, 4, 6 and 8 h old bruises which were inflicted with a low, moderate and high force were compared.Twelve experimental pigs were randomly assigned to three groups of force (low, moderate and high force). All pigs were anesthetized, and on each animal four blunt traumas were inflicted on the back with the low, moderate or high force according to the groups. The pigs were kept in anesthesia for 2, 4, 6 or 8 h, after which they were euthanized, and skin and muscle tissues were sampled for histology. As control, two pigs were included.The gross appearance of bruises developed similarly until 0.5 h after infliction at which time the visibility of the bruises depended on the force. The infiltration of subcutaneous neutrophils depended on the time and force used which was confirmed by both manual evaluation and image analysis of immunostained skin sections. In the muscle tissue, the number of macrophages was found useful for age determination in bruises inflicted with the highest force. Therefore, when evaluating forensic cases of bruises in both human and veterinary pathology the impact of force and not only the timing should be taken into consideration
AB - In animal models developed in order to estimate the age of bruises, focus has been on the changes over time and not considering the force used to inflict the trauma. In the present study, gross and histological changes in 2, 4, 6 and 8 h old bruises which were inflicted with a low, moderate and high force were compared.Twelve experimental pigs were randomly assigned to three groups of force (low, moderate and high force). All pigs were anesthetized, and on each animal four blunt traumas were inflicted on the back with the low, moderate or high force according to the groups. The pigs were kept in anesthesia for 2, 4, 6 or 8 h, after which they were euthanized, and skin and muscle tissues were sampled for histology. As control, two pigs were included.The gross appearance of bruises developed similarly until 0.5 h after infliction at which time the visibility of the bruises depended on the force. The infiltration of subcutaneous neutrophils depended on the time and force used which was confirmed by both manual evaluation and image analysis of immunostained skin sections. In the muscle tissue, the number of macrophages was found useful for age determination in bruises inflicted with the highest force. Therefore, when evaluating forensic cases of bruises in both human and veterinary pathology the impact of force and not only the timing should be taken into consideration
KW - Age estimation
KW - Blunt trauma
KW - Bruise
KW - Force
KW - Pig
U2 - 10.1016/j.jflm.2016.03.005
DO - 10.1016/j.jflm.2016.03.005
M3 - Journal article
C2 - 27085141
VL - 40
SP - 61
EP - 66
JO - Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine
JF - Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine
SN - 1752-928X
ER -
ID: 165751999