Effect of gluten-free diet and antibiotics on murine gut microbiota and immune response to tetanus vaccination
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Effect of gluten-free diet and antibiotics on murine gut microbiota and immune response to tetanus vaccination. / Kihl, Pernille; Krych, Lukasz; Deng, Ling; Hansen, Lars H.; Buschard, Karsten; Skov, Søren; Nielsen, Dennis S.; Hansen, Axel Kornerup.
In: Plos One, Vol. 17, No. 4, e0266719, 2022.Research output: Contribution to journal › Journal article › Research › peer-review
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TY - JOUR
T1 - Effect of gluten-free diet and antibiotics on murine gut microbiota and immune response to tetanus vaccination
AU - Kihl, Pernille
AU - Krych, Lukasz
AU - Deng, Ling
AU - Hansen, Lars H.
AU - Buschard, Karsten
AU - Skov, Søren
AU - Nielsen, Dennis S.
AU - Hansen, Axel Kornerup
N1 - Publisher Copyright: Copyright: © 2022 Kihl et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
PY - 2022
Y1 - 2022
N2 - The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of a gluten-free diet and/or antibiotics on tetanus vaccine induced immunoglobulin G titers and immune cell levels in BALB/c mice. The gluten-free diet was associated with a reduced anti-tetanus IgG response, and it increased the relative abundance of the anti-inflammatory Bifidobacterium significantly in some of the mice. Antibiotics also led to gut microbiota changes and lower initial vaccine titer. After a second vaccination, neither gluten-free diet nor antibiotics reduced the titers. In the spleen, the gluten-free diet significantly increased regulatory T cell (Treg) fractions, CD4+ T cell activation, and tolerogenic dendritic cell fractions and activation, which extend the downregulating effect of the Treg. Therefore, the systemic effect of the gluten-free diet seems mainly tolerogenic. Antibiotics reduced the fractions of CD4+ T and B cells in the mesenteric lymph nodes. These results suggest that vaccine response in mice is under influence of their diet, the gut microbiota and the interplay between them. However, a gluten-free diet seems to work through mechanisms different from those induced by antibiotics. Therefore, diet should be considered when testing vaccines in mice and developing vaccines for humans.
AB - The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of a gluten-free diet and/or antibiotics on tetanus vaccine induced immunoglobulin G titers and immune cell levels in BALB/c mice. The gluten-free diet was associated with a reduced anti-tetanus IgG response, and it increased the relative abundance of the anti-inflammatory Bifidobacterium significantly in some of the mice. Antibiotics also led to gut microbiota changes and lower initial vaccine titer. After a second vaccination, neither gluten-free diet nor antibiotics reduced the titers. In the spleen, the gluten-free diet significantly increased regulatory T cell (Treg) fractions, CD4+ T cell activation, and tolerogenic dendritic cell fractions and activation, which extend the downregulating effect of the Treg. Therefore, the systemic effect of the gluten-free diet seems mainly tolerogenic. Antibiotics reduced the fractions of CD4+ T and B cells in the mesenteric lymph nodes. These results suggest that vaccine response in mice is under influence of their diet, the gut microbiota and the interplay between them. However, a gluten-free diet seems to work through mechanisms different from those induced by antibiotics. Therefore, diet should be considered when testing vaccines in mice and developing vaccines for humans.
U2 - 10.1371/journal.pone.0266719
DO - 10.1371/journal.pone.0266719
M3 - Journal article
C2 - 35417506
AN - SCOPUS:85128279832
VL - 17
JO - PLoS ONE
JF - PLoS ONE
SN - 1932-6203
IS - 4
M1 - e0266719
ER -
ID: 305118777