Novel clade 2.3.4.4b highly pathogenic avian influenza a h5n8 and h5n5 viruses in Denmark, 2020
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Novel clade 2.3.4.4b highly pathogenic avian influenza a h5n8 and h5n5 viruses in Denmark, 2020. / Liang, Yuan; Nissen, Jakob N.; Krog, Jesper S.; Breum, Solvej; Trebbien, Ramona; Larsen, Lars E.; Hjulsager, Charlotte K.
In: Viruses, Vol. 13, No. 5, 886, 2021.Research output: Contribution to journal › Journal article › Research › peer-review
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T1 - Novel clade 2.3.4.4b highly pathogenic avian influenza a h5n8 and h5n5 viruses in Denmark, 2020
AU - Liang, Yuan
AU - Nissen, Jakob N.
AU - Krog, Jesper S.
AU - Breum, Solvej
AU - Trebbien, Ramona
AU - Larsen, Lars E.
AU - Hjulsager, Charlotte K.
N1 - Publisher Copyright: © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
PY - 2021
Y1 - 2021
N2 - Since late 2020, outbreaks of H5 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses belonging to clade 2.3.4.4b have emerged in Europe. To investigate the evolutionary history of these viruses, we performed genetic characterization on the first HPAI viruses found in Denmark during the autumn of 2020. H5N8 viruses from 14 wild birds and poultry, as well as one H5N5 virus from a wild bird, were characterized by whole genome sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. The Danish H5N8 viruses were found to be genetically similar to each other and to contemporary European clade 2.3.4.4b H5N8 viruses, while the Danish H5N5 virus was shown to be a unique genotype from the H5N5 viruses that circulated at the same time in Russia, Germany, and Belgium. Genetic analyses of one of the H5N8 viruses revealed the presence of a substitution (PB2-M64T) that is highly conserved in human seasonal influenza A viruses. Our analyses showed that the late 2020 clade 2.3.4.4b HPAI H5N8 viruses were most likely new incursions introduced by migrating birds to overwintering sites in Europe, rather than the result of continued circulation of H5N8 viruses from previous introductions to Europe in 2016/2017 and early 2020.
AB - Since late 2020, outbreaks of H5 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses belonging to clade 2.3.4.4b have emerged in Europe. To investigate the evolutionary history of these viruses, we performed genetic characterization on the first HPAI viruses found in Denmark during the autumn of 2020. H5N8 viruses from 14 wild birds and poultry, as well as one H5N5 virus from a wild bird, were characterized by whole genome sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. The Danish H5N8 viruses were found to be genetically similar to each other and to contemporary European clade 2.3.4.4b H5N8 viruses, while the Danish H5N5 virus was shown to be a unique genotype from the H5N5 viruses that circulated at the same time in Russia, Germany, and Belgium. Genetic analyses of one of the H5N8 viruses revealed the presence of a substitution (PB2-M64T) that is highly conserved in human seasonal influenza A viruses. Our analyses showed that the late 2020 clade 2.3.4.4b HPAI H5N8 viruses were most likely new incursions introduced by migrating birds to overwintering sites in Europe, rather than the result of continued circulation of H5N8 viruses from previous introductions to Europe in 2016/2017 and early 2020.
KW - Disease outbreaks
KW - Europe
KW - H5N5 subtype
KW - H5N8 subtype
KW - Influenza A virus
KW - Influenza in birds
KW - Phylogeny
KW - Poultry
KW - Wild
U2 - 10.3390/v13050886
DO - 10.3390/v13050886
M3 - Journal article
C2 - 34065033
AN - SCOPUS:85107001035
VL - 13
JO - Viruses
JF - Viruses
SN - 1999-4915
IS - 5
M1 - 886
ER -
ID: 272124015