Regulation of Enteric Infection and Immunity by Dietary Proanthocyanidins
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Regulation of Enteric Infection and Immunity by Dietary Proanthocyanidins. / Andersen-Civil, Audrey I.S.; Arora, Pankaj; Williams, Andrew R.
In: Frontiers in Immunology, Vol. 12, 637603, 2021.Research output: Contribution to journal › Review › Research › peer-review
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TY - JOUR
T1 - Regulation of Enteric Infection and Immunity by Dietary Proanthocyanidins
AU - Andersen-Civil, Audrey I.S.
AU - Arora, Pankaj
AU - Williams, Andrew R.
PY - 2021
Y1 - 2021
N2 - The role of dietary components in immune function has acquired considerable attention in recent years. An important focus area is to unravel the role of bioactive dietary compounds in relation to enteric disease and their impact on gut mucosal immunity. Proanthocyanidins (PAC) are among the most common and most consumed dietary polyphenols, and are characterised by their variable molecular structures and diverse bioactivities. In particular, their anti-oxidative effects and ability to modulate gut microbiota have been widely described. However, there is limited evidence on the mechanism of action of PAC on the immune system, nor is it clearly established how PAC may influence susceptibility to enteric infections. Establishing the sites of action of PAC and their metabolites within the gut environment is fundamental to determine the applicability of PAC against enteric pathogens. Some mechanistic studies have shown that PAC have direct modulatory effects on immune cell signalling, isolated pathogens, and gut mucosal barrier integrity. Boosting the recruitment of immune cells and suppressing the amount of pro-inflammatory cytokines are modulating factors regulated by PAC, and can either be beneficial or detrimental in the course of re-establishing gut homeostasis. Herein, we review how PAC may alter distinct immune responses towards enteric bacterial, viral and parasitic infections, and how the modulation of gut microbiota may act as a mediating factor. Furthermore, we discuss how future studies could help unravel the role of PAC in preventing and/or alleviating intestinal inflammation and dysbiosis caused by enteric disease.
AB - The role of dietary components in immune function has acquired considerable attention in recent years. An important focus area is to unravel the role of bioactive dietary compounds in relation to enteric disease and their impact on gut mucosal immunity. Proanthocyanidins (PAC) are among the most common and most consumed dietary polyphenols, and are characterised by their variable molecular structures and diverse bioactivities. In particular, their anti-oxidative effects and ability to modulate gut microbiota have been widely described. However, there is limited evidence on the mechanism of action of PAC on the immune system, nor is it clearly established how PAC may influence susceptibility to enteric infections. Establishing the sites of action of PAC and their metabolites within the gut environment is fundamental to determine the applicability of PAC against enteric pathogens. Some mechanistic studies have shown that PAC have direct modulatory effects on immune cell signalling, isolated pathogens, and gut mucosal barrier integrity. Boosting the recruitment of immune cells and suppressing the amount of pro-inflammatory cytokines are modulating factors regulated by PAC, and can either be beneficial or detrimental in the course of re-establishing gut homeostasis. Herein, we review how PAC may alter distinct immune responses towards enteric bacterial, viral and parasitic infections, and how the modulation of gut microbiota may act as a mediating factor. Furthermore, we discuss how future studies could help unravel the role of PAC in preventing and/or alleviating intestinal inflammation and dysbiosis caused by enteric disease.
KW - enteric infection
KW - inflammation
KW - microbiota
KW - mucosal immunity
KW - pathogens
KW - proanthocyanidins
U2 - 10.3389/fimmu.2021.637603
DO - 10.3389/fimmu.2021.637603
M3 - Review
C2 - 33717185
AN - SCOPUS:85102321086
VL - 12
JO - Frontiers in Immunology
JF - Frontiers in Immunology
SN - 1664-3224
M1 - 637603
ER -
ID: 258900052