TY - JOUR

T1 - Species which may act as vectors or reservoirs of diseases covered by the Animal Health Law: Listed pathogens of molluscs

AU - EFSA Panel on Animal Health and Welfare, null

AU - Nielsen, Søren Saxmose

AU - Alvarez, Julio

AU - Bicout, Dominique

AU - Calistri, Paolo

AU - Canali, Elisabetta

AU - Drewe, Julian Ashley

AU - Garin-Bastuji, Bruno

AU - Gonzales Rojas, José Louis

AU - Smith, Christian Gortazar

AU - Herskin, Mette

AU - Michel, Virginie

AU - Miranda Chueca, Miguel Angel

AU - Padalino, Barbara

AU - Roberts, Helen

AU - Spoolder, Hans

AU - Ståhl, Karl

AU - Velarde, Antonio

AU - Viltrop, Arvo

AU - Winckler, Christoph

AU - Arzul, Isabelle

AU - Dharmaveer, Shetty

AU - Sindre, Hilde

AU - Stone, David

AU - Vendramin, Niccoló

AU - Antoniou, Sotiria-Eleni

AU - Dhollander, Sofie

AU - Karagianni, Anna Eleonora

AU - Kero, Linnea Lindgren

AU - Gnocchi, Marzia

AU - Aznar, Inma

AU - Barizzone, Fulvio

AU - Munoz Guajardo, Irene Pilar

PY - 2023

Y1 - 2023

N2 - Vector or reservoir species of five mollusc diseases listed in the Animal Health Law were identified, based on evidence generated through an extensive literature review, to support a possible updating of Regulation (EU) 2018/1882. Mollusc species on or in which Mikrocytos mackini, Perkinsus marinus, Bonamia exitiosa, Bonamia ostreae and Marteilia refringens were detected, in the field or during experiments, were classified as reservoir species with different levels of certainty depending on the diagnostic tests used. Where experimental evidence indicated transmission of the pathogen from a studied species to another known susceptible species, this studied species was classified as a vector species. Although the quantification of the risk of spread of the pathogens by the vectors or reservoir species was not part of the terms of reference, such risks do exist for the vector species, since transmission from infected vector species to susceptible species was proven. Where evidence for transmission from infected molluscs was not found, these were defined as reservoir. Nonetheless, the risk of the spread of the pathogens from infected reservoir species cannot be excluded. Evidence identifying conditions that may prevent transmission by vectors or reservoir mollusc species during transport was collected from scientific literature. It was concluded that it is very likely to almost certain (90?100%) that M.?mackini, P.?marinus, B.?exitiosa B.?ostreae and M.?refringens will remain infective at any possible transport condition. Therefore, vector or reservoir species that may have been exposed to these pathogens in an affected area in the wild or at aquaculture establishments or through contaminated water supply can possibly transmit these pathogens. For transmission of M.?refringens, the presence of an intermediate host, a copepod, is necessary.

AB - Vector or reservoir species of five mollusc diseases listed in the Animal Health Law were identified, based on evidence generated through an extensive literature review, to support a possible updating of Regulation (EU) 2018/1882. Mollusc species on or in which Mikrocytos mackini, Perkinsus marinus, Bonamia exitiosa, Bonamia ostreae and Marteilia refringens were detected, in the field or during experiments, were classified as reservoir species with different levels of certainty depending on the diagnostic tests used. Where experimental evidence indicated transmission of the pathogen from a studied species to another known susceptible species, this studied species was classified as a vector species. Although the quantification of the risk of spread of the pathogens by the vectors or reservoir species was not part of the terms of reference, such risks do exist for the vector species, since transmission from infected vector species to susceptible species was proven. Where evidence for transmission from infected molluscs was not found, these were defined as reservoir. Nonetheless, the risk of the spread of the pathogens from infected reservoir species cannot be excluded. Evidence identifying conditions that may prevent transmission by vectors or reservoir mollusc species during transport was collected from scientific literature. It was concluded that it is very likely to almost certain (90?100%) that M.?mackini, P.?marinus, B.?exitiosa B.?ostreae and M.?refringens will remain infective at any possible transport condition. Therefore, vector or reservoir species that may have been exposed to these pathogens in an affected area in the wild or at aquaculture establishments or through contaminated water supply can possibly transmit these pathogens. For transmission of M.?refringens, the presence of an intermediate host, a copepod, is necessary.

KW - Vector

KW - Reservoir

KW - Mikrocytos mackini

KW - Perkinsus marinus

KW - Bonamia exitiosa

KW - Bonamia ostreae

KW - Marteilia refringens

KW - transport conditions

U2 - 10.2903/j.efsa.2023.8173

DO - 10.2903/j.efsa.2023.8173

M3 - Journal article

C2 - 37533748

VL - 21

SP - 1

EP - 34

JO - E F S A Journal

JF - E F S A Journal

SN - 1831-4732

IS - 8

M1 - e08173

ER -