Vaccination of poultry against highly pathogenic avian influenza – part 1. Available vaccines and vaccination strategies
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Vaccination of poultry against highly pathogenic avian influenza – part 1. Available vaccines and vaccination strategies. / Nielsen, Søren Saxmose; Alvarez, Julio; Bicout, Dominique Joseph; Calistri, Paolo; Canali, Elisabetta; Drewe, Julian Ashley; Garin-Bastuji, Bruno; Gonzales Rojas, Jose Luis; Gortázar, Christian; Herskin, Mette; Michel, Virginie; Miranda Chueca, Miguel Ángel; Padalino, Barbara; Roberts, Helen Clare; Spoolder, Hans; Stahl, Karl; Velarde, Antonio; Winckler, Christoph; Bastino, Eleonora; Bortolami, Alessio; Guinat, Claire; Harder, Timm; Stegeman, Arjan; Terregino, Calogero; Aznar Asensio, Inmaculada; Mur, Lina; Broglia, Alessandro; Baldinelli, Francesca; Viltrop, Arvo; EFSA Panel on Animal Health and Animal Welfare (AHAW), European Union Reference Laboratory for Avian Influenza.
In: EFSA Journal, Vol. 21, No. 10, e08271, 2023.Research output: Contribution to journal › Journal article › Research
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TY - JOUR
T1 - Vaccination of poultry against highly pathogenic avian influenza – part 1. Available vaccines and vaccination strategies
AU - Nielsen, Søren Saxmose
AU - Alvarez, Julio
AU - Bicout, Dominique Joseph
AU - Calistri, Paolo
AU - Canali, Elisabetta
AU - Drewe, Julian Ashley
AU - Garin-Bastuji, Bruno
AU - Gonzales Rojas, Jose Luis
AU - Gortázar, Christian
AU - Herskin, Mette
AU - Michel, Virginie
AU - Miranda Chueca, Miguel Ángel
AU - Padalino, Barbara
AU - Roberts, Helen Clare
AU - Spoolder, Hans
AU - Stahl, Karl
AU - Velarde, Antonio
AU - Winckler, Christoph
AU - Bastino, Eleonora
AU - Bortolami, Alessio
AU - Guinat, Claire
AU - Harder, Timm
AU - Stegeman, Arjan
AU - Terregino, Calogero
AU - Aznar Asensio, Inmaculada
AU - Mur, Lina
AU - Broglia, Alessandro
AU - Baldinelli, Francesca
AU - Viltrop, Arvo
AU - EFSA Panel on Animal Health and Animal Welfare (AHAW), European Union Reference Laboratory for Avian Influenza
N1 - Publisher Copyright: © 2023 European Food Safety Authority. EFSA Journal published by Wiley-VCH GmbH on behalf of European Food Safety Authority.
PY - 2023
Y1 - 2023
N2 - Several vaccines have been developed against highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI), mostly inactivated whole-virus vaccines for chickens. In the EU, one vaccine is authorised in chickens but is not fully efficacious to stop transmission, highlighting the need for vaccines tailored to diverse poultry species and production types. Off-label use of vaccines is possible, but effectiveness varies. Vaccines are usually injectable, a time-consuming process. Mass-application vaccines outside hatcheries remain rare. First vaccination varies from in-ovo to 6 weeks of age. Data about immunity onset and duration in the target species are often unavailable, despite being key for effective planning. Minimising antigenic distance between vaccines and field strains is essential, requiring rapid updates of vaccines to match circulating strains. Generating harmonised vaccine efficacy data showing vaccine ability to reduce transmission is crucial and this ability should be also assessed in field trials. Planning vaccination requires selecting the most adequate vaccine type and vaccination scheme. Emergency protective vaccination is limited to vaccines that are not restricted by species, age or pre-existing vector-immunity, while preventive vaccination should prioritise achieving the highest protection, especially for the most susceptible species in high-risk transmission areas. Model simulations in France, Italy and The Netherlands revealed that (i) duck and turkey farms are more infectious than chickens, (ii) depopulating infected farms only showed limitations in controlling disease spread, while 1-km ring-culling performed better than or similar to emergency preventive ring-vaccination scenarios, although with the highest number of depopulated farms, (iii) preventive vaccination of the most susceptible species in high-risk transmission areas was the best option to minimise the outbreaks' number and duration, (iv) during outbreaks in such areas, emergency protective vaccination in a 3-km radius was more effective than 1- and 10-km radius. Vaccine efficacy should be monitored and complement other surveillance and preventive efforts.
AB - Several vaccines have been developed against highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI), mostly inactivated whole-virus vaccines for chickens. In the EU, one vaccine is authorised in chickens but is not fully efficacious to stop transmission, highlighting the need for vaccines tailored to diverse poultry species and production types. Off-label use of vaccines is possible, but effectiveness varies. Vaccines are usually injectable, a time-consuming process. Mass-application vaccines outside hatcheries remain rare. First vaccination varies from in-ovo to 6 weeks of age. Data about immunity onset and duration in the target species are often unavailable, despite being key for effective planning. Minimising antigenic distance between vaccines and field strains is essential, requiring rapid updates of vaccines to match circulating strains. Generating harmonised vaccine efficacy data showing vaccine ability to reduce transmission is crucial and this ability should be also assessed in field trials. Planning vaccination requires selecting the most adequate vaccine type and vaccination scheme. Emergency protective vaccination is limited to vaccines that are not restricted by species, age or pre-existing vector-immunity, while preventive vaccination should prioritise achieving the highest protection, especially for the most susceptible species in high-risk transmission areas. Model simulations in France, Italy and The Netherlands revealed that (i) duck and turkey farms are more infectious than chickens, (ii) depopulating infected farms only showed limitations in controlling disease spread, while 1-km ring-culling performed better than or similar to emergency preventive ring-vaccination scenarios, although with the highest number of depopulated farms, (iii) preventive vaccination of the most susceptible species in high-risk transmission areas was the best option to minimise the outbreaks' number and duration, (iv) during outbreaks in such areas, emergency protective vaccination in a 3-km radius was more effective than 1- and 10-km radius. Vaccine efficacy should be monitored and complement other surveillance and preventive efforts.
KW - Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI)
KW - poultry
KW - vaccines
KW - vaccine efficacy
KW - avian influenza transmission
KW - vaccination strategies
U2 - 10.2903/j.efsa.2023.8271
DO - 10.2903/j.efsa.2023.8271
M3 - Journal article
C2 - 37822713
VL - 21
JO - E F S A Journal
JF - E F S A Journal
SN - 1831-4732
IS - 10
M1 - e08271
ER -
ID: 369362860