TY - JOUR

T1 - Application of methods to assess animal welfare and suffering caused by infectious diseases in cattle and swine populations

AU - Nielsen, Søren Saxmose

AU - Houe, Hans

AU - Denwood, Matthew

AU - Nielsen, Liza Rosenbaum

AU - Forkman, Björn

AU - Otten, Nina Dam

AU - Agger, Jens Frederik

N1 - Publisher Copyright: © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.

PY - 2021/11

Y1 - 2021/11

N2 - Control of infectious diseases in livestock has often been motivated by food safety concerns and the economic impact on livestock production. However, diseases may also affect animal welfare. We present an approach to quantify the effect of five infectious diseases on animal welfare in cattle (three diseases) and pigs (two diseases). We grouped clinical manifestations that often occur together into lists of clinical entities for each disease based on literature reviews, and subsequently estimated “suffering scores” based on an aggregation of duration, frequency, and severity. The duration and severity were based on literature reviews and expert knowledge elicitation, while frequency was based mainly on estimates from the literature. The resulting suffering scores were compared to scores from common welfare hazards found under Danish conditions. Most notably, the suffering scores for cattle diseases were ranked as: bovine viral diarrhoea and infection with Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis > infectious bovine rhinotracheitis, and for pigs as: porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome > Aujeszky’s disease. The approach has limitations due to the limited data available in literature and uncertainties associated with expert knowledge, but it can provide decision makers with a tool to quantify the impact of infections on animal welfare given these uncertainties.

AB - Control of infectious diseases in livestock has often been motivated by food safety concerns and the economic impact on livestock production. However, diseases may also affect animal welfare. We present an approach to quantify the effect of five infectious diseases on animal welfare in cattle (three diseases) and pigs (two diseases). We grouped clinical manifestations that often occur together into lists of clinical entities for each disease based on literature reviews, and subsequently estimated “suffering scores” based on an aggregation of duration, frequency, and severity. The duration and severity were based on literature reviews and expert knowledge elicitation, while frequency was based mainly on estimates from the literature. The resulting suffering scores were compared to scores from common welfare hazards found under Danish conditions. Most notably, the suffering scores for cattle diseases were ranked as: bovine viral diarrhoea and infection with Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis > infectious bovine rhinotracheitis, and for pigs as: porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome > Aujeszky’s disease. The approach has limitations due to the limited data available in literature and uncertainties associated with expert knowledge, but it can provide decision makers with a tool to quantify the impact of infections on animal welfare given these uncertainties.

KW - Animal welfare

KW - Aujeszky´s disease

KW - Bovine viral diarrhoea

KW - Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis

KW - Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis

KW - Porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85117247154&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.3390/ani11113017

DO - 10.3390/ani11113017

M3 - Journal article

AN - SCOPUS:85117247154

VL - 11

JO - Animals

JF - Animals

SN - 2076-2615

IS - 11

M1 - 3017

ER -