TY - JOUR

T1 - European surveillance network for influenza in pigs

T2 - Surveillance programs, diagnostic tools and swine influenza virus subtypes identified in 14 European countries from 2010 to 2013

AU - Simon, Gaëlle

AU - Larsen, Lars E.

AU - Dürrwald, Ralf

AU - Foni, Emanuela

AU - Harder, Timm

AU - Van Reeth, Kristien

AU - Markowska-Daniel, Iwona

AU - Reid, Scott M.

AU - Dan, Adam

AU - Maldonado, Jaime

AU - Huovilainen, Anita

AU - Billinis, Charalambos

AU - Davidson, Irit

AU - Agüero, Montserrat

AU - Vila, Thaïs

AU - Hervé, Séverine

AU - Breum, Solvej Østergaard

AU - Chiapponi, Chiara

AU - Urbaniak, Kinga

AU - Kyriakis, Constantinos S.

AU - Brown, Ian H.

AU - Loeffen, Willie

AU - Van der Meulen, Karen

AU - Schlegel, Michael

AU - Bublot, Michel

AU - Kellam, Paul

AU - Watson, Simon

AU - Lewis, Nicola S.

AU - Pybus, Oliver G.

AU - Webby, Richard

AU - Chen, Hualan

AU - Vincent, Amy L.

AU - ESNIP3 consortium

PY - 2014/12/26

Y1 - 2014/12/26

N2 - Swine influenza causes concern for global veterinary and public health officials. In continuing two previous networks that initiated the surveillance of swine influenza viruses (SIVs) circulating in European pigs between 2001 and 2008, a third European Surveillance Network for Influenza in Pigs (ESNIP3, 2010-2013) aimed to expand widely the knowledge of the epidemiology of European SIVs. ESNIP3 stimulated programs of harmonized SIV surveillance in European countries and supported the coordination of appropriate diagnostic tools and subtyping methods. Thus, an extensive virological monitoring, mainly conducted through passive surveillance programs, resulted in the examination of more than 9 000 herds in 17 countries. Influenza A viruses were detected in 31% of herds examined from which 1887 viruses were preliminary characterized. The dominating subtypes were the three European enzootic SIVs: avian-like swine H1N1 (53.6%), human-like reassortant swine H1N2 (13%) and human-like reassortant swine H3N2 (9.1%), as well as pandemic A/H1N1 2009 (H1N1pdm) virus (10.3%). Viruses from these four lineages co-circulated in several countries but with very different relative levels of incidence. For instance, the H3N2 subtype was not detected at all in some geographic areas whereas it was still prevalent in other parts of Europe. Interestingly, H3N2-free areas were those that exhibited highest frequencies of circulating H1N2 viruses. H1N1pdm viruses were isolated at an increasing incidence in some countries from 2010 to 2013, indicating that this subtype has become established in the European pig population. Finally, 13.9% of the viruses represented reassortants between these four lineages, especially between previous enzootic SIVs and H1N1pdm. These novel viruses were detected at the same time in several countries, with increasing prevalence. Some of them might become established in pig herds, causing implications for zoonotic infections.

AB - Swine influenza causes concern for global veterinary and public health officials. In continuing two previous networks that initiated the surveillance of swine influenza viruses (SIVs) circulating in European pigs between 2001 and 2008, a third European Surveillance Network for Influenza in Pigs (ESNIP3, 2010-2013) aimed to expand widely the knowledge of the epidemiology of European SIVs. ESNIP3 stimulated programs of harmonized SIV surveillance in European countries and supported the coordination of appropriate diagnostic tools and subtyping methods. Thus, an extensive virological monitoring, mainly conducted through passive surveillance programs, resulted in the examination of more than 9 000 herds in 17 countries. Influenza A viruses were detected in 31% of herds examined from which 1887 viruses were preliminary characterized. The dominating subtypes were the three European enzootic SIVs: avian-like swine H1N1 (53.6%), human-like reassortant swine H1N2 (13%) and human-like reassortant swine H3N2 (9.1%), as well as pandemic A/H1N1 2009 (H1N1pdm) virus (10.3%). Viruses from these four lineages co-circulated in several countries but with very different relative levels of incidence. For instance, the H3N2 subtype was not detected at all in some geographic areas whereas it was still prevalent in other parts of Europe. Interestingly, H3N2-free areas were those that exhibited highest frequencies of circulating H1N2 viruses. H1N1pdm viruses were isolated at an increasing incidence in some countries from 2010 to 2013, indicating that this subtype has become established in the European pig population. Finally, 13.9% of the viruses represented reassortants between these four lineages, especially between previous enzootic SIVs and H1N1pdm. These novel viruses were detected at the same time in several countries, with increasing prevalence. Some of them might become established in pig herds, causing implications for zoonotic infections.

U2 - 10.1371/journal.pone.0115815

DO - 10.1371/journal.pone.0115815

M3 - Journal article

C2 - 25542013

AN - SCOPUS:84919897842

VL - 9

JO - PLoS ONE

JF - PLoS ONE

SN - 1932-6203

IS - 12

M1 - e115815

ER -