Growth and Clinical Variables in Nitrogen-Restricted Piglets Fed an Adjusted Essential Amino Acid Mix: Effects of Partially Intact Protein-Based Diets
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Growth and Clinical Variables in Nitrogen-Restricted Piglets Fed an Adjusted Essential Amino Acid Mix: Effects of Partially Intact Protein-Based Diets. / Worsoe, Paivi S.; Sangild, Per T.; van Goudoever, Johannes B.; Koletzko, Berthold; van der Beek, Eline M.; Abrahamse-Berkeveld, Marieke; Burrin, Douglas G; van de Heijning, Bert J. M.; Thymann, Thomas.
I: Journal of Nutrition, Bind 148, Nr. 7, 2018, s. 1118-1125.Publikation: Bidrag til tidsskrift › Tidsskriftartikel › Forskning › fagfællebedømt
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TY - JOUR
T1 - Growth and Clinical Variables in Nitrogen-Restricted Piglets Fed an Adjusted Essential Amino Acid Mix: Effects of Partially Intact Protein-Based Diets
AU - Worsoe, Paivi S.
AU - Sangild, Per T.
AU - van Goudoever, Johannes B.
AU - Koletzko, Berthold
AU - van der Beek, Eline M.
AU - Abrahamse-Berkeveld, Marieke
AU - Burrin, Douglas G
AU - van de Heijning, Bert J. M.
AU - Thymann, Thomas
PY - 2018
Y1 - 2018
N2 - Background Current recommendations for protein levels in infant formula are intended to ensure that growth matches or exceeds growth of breastfed infants, but may provide a surplus of amino acids (AAs). Recent infant studies with AA-based formulas support specific adjustment of the essential amino acid (EAA) composition allowing for potential lowering of total protein levels. With the use of a combination of intact protein and free EAAs, we designed a formula that meets these adjusted EAA requirements for infants. Objective Our objective was to test whether this adjusted formula is safe and supports growth in a protein-restricted piglet model, and whether it shows better growth than an isonitrogenous formula based on free AAs. Methods Term piglets (Landrace × Yorkshire × Duroc, n = 72) were fed 1 of 4 isoenergetic formulas containing 70% intact protein and 30% of an EAA mixture or a complete AA-based control for 20 d: standard formula (ST-100), ST-100 with 25% reduction in proteinaceous nitrogen (ST-75), ST-75 with an adjusted EAA composition (O-75), or a diet as O-75, given as a complete AA-based diet (O-75AA). Results After an initial adaptation period, ST-75 and O-75 pigs showed similar growth rates, both lower than ST-100 pigs (∼25 compared with 31 g · kg–1 · d–1, respectively). The O-75AA pigs showed further reduced growth rate (15 g · kg–1 · d–1) and fat proportion (both P < 0.05, relative to O-75). Conclusions Formula based partly on intact protein is superior to AA-based formula in this experimental setting. The 25% lower, but EAA-adjusted, partially intact protein–based formula resulted in similar weight gain with a concomitant increased AA catabolism, compared with the standard 25% lower standard formula in artificially reared, protein-restricted piglets. Further studies should investigate if and how the specific EAA adjustments that allow for lowering of total protein levels will affect growth and body composition development in formula-fed infants.
AB - Background Current recommendations for protein levels in infant formula are intended to ensure that growth matches or exceeds growth of breastfed infants, but may provide a surplus of amino acids (AAs). Recent infant studies with AA-based formulas support specific adjustment of the essential amino acid (EAA) composition allowing for potential lowering of total protein levels. With the use of a combination of intact protein and free EAAs, we designed a formula that meets these adjusted EAA requirements for infants. Objective Our objective was to test whether this adjusted formula is safe and supports growth in a protein-restricted piglet model, and whether it shows better growth than an isonitrogenous formula based on free AAs. Methods Term piglets (Landrace × Yorkshire × Duroc, n = 72) were fed 1 of 4 isoenergetic formulas containing 70% intact protein and 30% of an EAA mixture or a complete AA-based control for 20 d: standard formula (ST-100), ST-100 with 25% reduction in proteinaceous nitrogen (ST-75), ST-75 with an adjusted EAA composition (O-75), or a diet as O-75, given as a complete AA-based diet (O-75AA). Results After an initial adaptation period, ST-75 and O-75 pigs showed similar growth rates, both lower than ST-100 pigs (∼25 compared with 31 g · kg–1 · d–1, respectively). The O-75AA pigs showed further reduced growth rate (15 g · kg–1 · d–1) and fat proportion (both P < 0.05, relative to O-75). Conclusions Formula based partly on intact protein is superior to AA-based formula in this experimental setting. The 25% lower, but EAA-adjusted, partially intact protein–based formula resulted in similar weight gain with a concomitant increased AA catabolism, compared with the standard 25% lower standard formula in artificially reared, protein-restricted piglets. Further studies should investigate if and how the specific EAA adjustments that allow for lowering of total protein levels will affect growth and body composition development in formula-fed infants.
KW - formula
KW - growth
KW - development
KW - amino acid
KW - pig
KW - infant
KW - low protein formula
U2 - 10.1093/jn/nxy073
DO - 10.1093/jn/nxy073
M3 - Journal article
C2 - 29901723
VL - 148
SP - 1118
EP - 1125
JO - Journal of Nutrition
JF - Journal of Nutrition
SN - 0022-3166
IS - 7
ER -
ID: 202976371