TY - JOUR

T1 - Skin immune response of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) experimentally exposed to the disease Red Mark Syndrome

AU - von Gersdorff Jørgensen, Louise

AU - Schmidt, Jacob Günther

AU - Chen, Defang

AU - Kania, Per Walter

AU - Buchmann, Kurt

AU - Olesen, Niels Jørgen

PY - 2019

Y1 - 2019

N2 - Red Mark Syndrome (RMS)is a skin disease reported from farmed rainbow trout. Since the turn of the millennium it has been spreading through Europe. RMS is probably a bacterial disease caused by a Midichloria-like organism (MLO). It is non-lethal and causes little obvious changes in appetite or behavior but results in red hyperaemic skin lesions, which may lead to economic losses due to downgrading. Here we transfer RMS to naïve specific pathogen free (SPF)fish by cohabitation with RMS-affected seeder fish. During disease development we characterize local cellular immune responses and regulations of immunologically relevant genes in skin of the cohabitants by immunohistochemistry and qPCR. Skin samples from SPF controls and cohabitants (areas with and without lesions)were taken at 18, 61, 82 and 97 days post-cohabitation. Gene expression results showed that lesions had a Th1-type profile, but with concurrent high expression levels of all three classes of immunoglobulins (IgD, IgM and IgT). The marked local infiltration of IgD + cells in the skin lesions as well as a highly up-regulated expression of the genes encoding sIgD and mIgD indicate that this immunoglobulin class plays an important role in skin immunity in general and in RMS pathology in particular. The co-occurrence of an apparent B cell dominated immune reaction with a Th1-type profile suggests that the local production of antibodies is independent of the classical Th2 pathway.

AB - Red Mark Syndrome (RMS)is a skin disease reported from farmed rainbow trout. Since the turn of the millennium it has been spreading through Europe. RMS is probably a bacterial disease caused by a Midichloria-like organism (MLO). It is non-lethal and causes little obvious changes in appetite or behavior but results in red hyperaemic skin lesions, which may lead to economic losses due to downgrading. Here we transfer RMS to naïve specific pathogen free (SPF)fish by cohabitation with RMS-affected seeder fish. During disease development we characterize local cellular immune responses and regulations of immunologically relevant genes in skin of the cohabitants by immunohistochemistry and qPCR. Skin samples from SPF controls and cohabitants (areas with and without lesions)were taken at 18, 61, 82 and 97 days post-cohabitation. Gene expression results showed that lesions had a Th1-type profile, but with concurrent high expression levels of all three classes of immunoglobulins (IgD, IgM and IgT). The marked local infiltration of IgD + cells in the skin lesions as well as a highly up-regulated expression of the genes encoding sIgD and mIgD indicate that this immunoglobulin class plays an important role in skin immunity in general and in RMS pathology in particular. The co-occurrence of an apparent B cell dominated immune reaction with a Th1-type profile suggests that the local production of antibodies is independent of the classical Th2 pathway.

KW - Antibodies

KW - IgD

KW - MLO

KW - Red Mark Syndrome

KW - Th1-type response

U2 - 10.1016/j.vetimm.2019.03.008

DO - 10.1016/j.vetimm.2019.03.008

M3 - Journal article

C2 - 31084890

AN - SCOPUS:85064603549

VL - 211

SP - 25

EP - 34

JO - Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology

JF - Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology

SN - 0165-2427

ER -