TY - JOUR

T1 - Species which may act as vectors or reservoirs of diseases covered by the Animal Health Law: Listed pathogens of fish

AU - EFSA Panel on Animal Health and Welfare, null

AU - Nielsen, Søren Saxmose

AU - Alvarez, Julio

AU - Bicout, Dominique

AU - Calistri, Paolo

AU - Canali, Elisabetta

AU - Drewe, Julian Ashley

AU - Garin-Bastuji, Bruno

AU - Gonzales Rojas, José Louis

AU - Smith, Christian Gortazar

AU - Herskin, Mette

AU - Michel, Virginie

AU - Miranda Chueca, Miguel Angel

AU - Padalino, Barbara

AU - Spoolder, Hans

AU - Ståhl, Karl

AU - Velarde, Antonio

AU - Viltrop, Arvo

AU - Winckler, Christoph

AU - Arzul, Isabelle

AU - Dharmaveer, Shetty

AU - Sindre, Hilde

AU - Stone, David

AU - Vendramin, Niccoló

AU - Aires, Mariana

AU - Asensio, Inmaculada Aznar

AU - Antoniou, Sotiria-Eleni

AU - Barizzone, Fulvio

AU - Dhollander, Sofie

AU - Gnocchi, Marzia

AU - Karagianni, Anna Eleonora

AU - Kero, Linnea Lindgren

AU - Munoz Guajardo, Irene Pilar

AU - Rusina, Alessia

AU - Roberts, Helen

PY - 2023

Y1 - 2023

N2 - Vector or reservoir species of five fish diseases listed in the Animal Health Law were identified, based on evidence generated through an extensive literature review (ELR), to support a possible updating of Regulation (EU) 2018/1882. Fish species on or in which highly polymorphic region-deleted infectious salmon anaemia virus (HPR? ISAV), Koi herpes virus (KHV), epizootic haematopoietic necrosis virus (EHNV), infectious haematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) or viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (VHSV) were detected, in the field or during experiments, were classified as reservoir species with different levels of certainty depending on the diagnostic tests used. Where experimental evidence indicated transmission of the pathogen from a studied species to another known susceptible species, the studied species was classified as a vector species. Although the quantification of the risk of spread of the pathogens by the vectors or reservoir species was not part of the terms or reference, such risks do exist for the vector species, since transmission from infected vector species to susceptible species was proven. Where evidence for transmission from infected fish was not found, these were defined as reservoirs. Nonetheless, the risk of the spread of the pathogens from infected reservoir species cannot be excluded. Evidence identifying conditions that may prevent transmission by vectors or reservoir fish species during transport was collected from scientific literature. For VHSV, IHNV or HPR? ISAV, it was concluded that under transport conditions at temperatures below 25°C, it is likely (66?90%) they will remain infective. Therefore, vector or reservoir species that may have been exposed to these pathogens in an affected area in the wild, aquaculture establishments or through water supply can possibly transmit VHSV, IHNV or HPR? ISAV into a non-affected area when transported at a temperature below 25°C. The conclusion was the same for EHN and KHV; however, they are likely to remain infective under all transport temperatures.

AB - Vector or reservoir species of five fish diseases listed in the Animal Health Law were identified, based on evidence generated through an extensive literature review (ELR), to support a possible updating of Regulation (EU) 2018/1882. Fish species on or in which highly polymorphic region-deleted infectious salmon anaemia virus (HPR? ISAV), Koi herpes virus (KHV), epizootic haematopoietic necrosis virus (EHNV), infectious haematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) or viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (VHSV) were detected, in the field or during experiments, were classified as reservoir species with different levels of certainty depending on the diagnostic tests used. Where experimental evidence indicated transmission of the pathogen from a studied species to another known susceptible species, the studied species was classified as a vector species. Although the quantification of the risk of spread of the pathogens by the vectors or reservoir species was not part of the terms or reference, such risks do exist for the vector species, since transmission from infected vector species to susceptible species was proven. Where evidence for transmission from infected fish was not found, these were defined as reservoirs. Nonetheless, the risk of the spread of the pathogens from infected reservoir species cannot be excluded. Evidence identifying conditions that may prevent transmission by vectors or reservoir fish species during transport was collected from scientific literature. For VHSV, IHNV or HPR? ISAV, it was concluded that under transport conditions at temperatures below 25°C, it is likely (66?90%) they will remain infective. Therefore, vector or reservoir species that may have been exposed to these pathogens in an affected area in the wild, aquaculture establishments or through water supply can possibly transmit VHSV, IHNV or HPR? ISAV into a non-affected area when transported at a temperature below 25°C. The conclusion was the same for EHN and KHV; however, they are likely to remain infective under all transport temperatures.

KW - Vector

KW - Reservoir

KW - highly polymorphic region-deleted infectious salmon anaemia virus

KW - Koi herpes virus

KW - cyprinid herpesvirus-3

KW - epizootic haematopoietic necrosis virus

KW - infectious haematopoietic necrosis virus

U2 - 10.2903/j.efsa.2023.8174

DO - 10.2903/j.efsa.2023.8174

M3 - Journal article

C2 - 37533750

VL - 21

SP - 1

EP - 45

JO - E F S A Journal

JF - E F S A Journal

SN - 1831-4732

IS - 8

M1 - e08174

ER -