The tombstones at the Monumental Cemetery of Milano select for a specialized microbial community
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Subaerial biofilms play a central role in the ecology and biodeterioration of many outdoor monuments and pieces of art. It is well established that microorganisms can face a broad range of stress by living in these subaerial environments, but their origin, taxa determinants and physiological traits are debated. Here, we hypothesized that the bacteria forming these biofilms originate from the surrounding air and soil and that the selective pressure of a life on rocks shapes the community. To verify this hypothesis, we studied the microbial communities of nine tombstones of the Monumental Cemetery of Milano, by collecting samples in three seasons. We analyzed the structure of these subaerial biofilms, compared them with the bacteria identified in the surrounding air and soil and found that only few rare taxa are shared among the three compartments and have been selected by the stone environment. In addition, we considered which parameters - among temperature, humidity, light, season and lithotype - concur to structure the microbial community.
| Originalsprog | Engelsk |
|---|---|
| Artikelnummer | 105298 |
| Tidsskrift | International Biodeterioration and Biodegradation |
| Vol/bind | 164 |
| ISSN | 0964-8305 |
| DOI | |
| Status | Udgivet - 2021 |
Bibliografisk note
Funding Information:
This publication is related to the project ?Unraveling Mechanism of Bio-deterioration of Stones in Historical sites: Methodologies for Preserving Cultural Heritage - BIOSTONE " (Accordo italo-israeliano di cooperazione industriale, scientifica e tecnologica ? anno 2014), funded by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Italy. We thank: Beatrice Bentivoglio-Ravasio and MIBACT (Segretariato per la Lombardia - ex Direzione Regionale per i Beni culturali e Paesaggistici della Lombardia), Milan, Italy, for permission to collect samples; Giovanna Francesca Maria Colace, Director of the Monumental Cemetery of Milan, for access to the Cemetery; Marco Merlini, Department of Earth Sciences, University of Milano, for the lithotype identification; Patricia Sanmartin and Grace Kim for assistance during the sampling campaigns; Fabrizio Iozzi for helping with collecting data.
Funding Information:
This publication is related to the project “Unraveling Mechanism of Bio-deterioration of Stones in Historical sites: Methodologies for Preserving Cultural Heritage - BIOSTONE " (Accordo italo-israeliano di cooperazione industriale, scientifica e tecnologica – anno 2014), funded by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Italy .
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© 2021
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