TY - JOUR

T1 - The tree that hides the forest

T2 - Cryptic diversity and phylogenetic relationships in the Palaearctic vector Obsoletus/Scoticus Complex (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) at the European level

AU - Mignotte, Antoine

AU - Garros, Claire

AU - Gardès, Laetitia

AU - Balenghien, Thomas

AU - Duhayon, Maxime

AU - Rakotoarivony, Ignace

AU - Tabourin, Laura

AU - Poujol, Leá

AU - Mathieu, Bruno

AU - Ibañez-Justicia, Adolfo

AU - Deniz, Ahmet

AU - Cvetkovikj, Aleksandar

AU - Purse, Bethan V.

AU - Ramilo, David W.

AU - Stougiou, Despoina

AU - Werner, Doreen

AU - Pudar, Dubravka

AU - Petrić, Dušan

AU - Veronesi, Eva

AU - Jacobs, Frans

AU - Kampen, Helge

AU - Pereira Da Fonseca, Isabel

AU - Lucientes, Javier

AU - Navarro, Javier

AU - De La Puente, Josue Martinez

AU - Stefanovska, Jovana

AU - Searle, Kate R.

AU - Khallaayoune, Khalid

AU - Culverwell, C. Lorna

AU - Larska, Magdalena

AU - Bourquia, Maria

AU - Goffredo, Maria

AU - Bisia, Marina

AU - England, Marion

AU - Robin, Matthew

AU - Quaglia, Michela

AU - Miranda-Chueca, Miguel Ángel

AU - Bødker, René

AU - Estrada-Penã, Rosa

AU - Carpenter, Simon

AU - Tchakarova, Simona

AU - Boutsini, Sofia

AU - Sviland, Ståle

AU - Schäfer, Stefanie M.

AU - Ozolina¸, Zanda

AU - Seglina¸, Zanda

AU - Vatansever, Zati

AU - Huber, Karine

N1 - https://parasitesandvectors.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13071-020-04349-y Correction to: Parasites Vectors (2020) 13:265

PY - 2020

Y1 - 2020

N2 - Background: Culicoides obsoletus is an abundant and widely distributed Holarctic biting midge species, involved in the transmission of bluetongue virus (BTV) and Schmallenberg virus (SBV) to wild and domestic ruminants. Females of this vector species are often reported jointly with two morphologically very close species, C. scoticus and C. montanus, forming the Obsoletus/Scoticus Complex. Recently, cryptic diversity within C. obsoletus was reported in geographically distant sites. Clear delineation of species and characterization of genetic variability is mandatory to revise their taxonomic status and assess the vector role of each taxonomic entity. Our objectives were to characterize and map the cryptic diversity within the Obsoletus/Scoticus Complex. Methods: Portion of the cox1 mitochondrial gene of 3763 individuals belonging to the Obsoletus/Scoticus Complex was sequenced. Populations from 20 countries along a Palaearctic Mediterranean transect covering Scandinavia to Canary islands (North to South) and Canary islands to Turkey (West to East) were included. Genetic diversity based on cox1 barcoding was supported by 16S rDNA mitochondrial gene sequences and a gene coding for ribosomal 28S rDNA. Species delimitation using a multi-marker methodology was used to revise the current taxonomic scheme of the Obsoletus/Scoticus Complex. Results: Our analysis showed the existence of three phylogenetic clades (C. obsoletus clade O2, C. obsoletus clade dark and one not yet named and identified) within C. obsoletus. These analyses also revealed two intra-specific clades within C. scoticus and raised questions about the taxonomic status of C. montanus. Conclusions: To our knowledge, our study provides the first genetic characterization of the Obsoletus/Scoticus Complex on a large geographical scale and allows a revision of the current taxonomic classification for an important group of vector species of livestock viruses in the Palaearctic region.[Figure not available: See fulltext.]

AB - Background: Culicoides obsoletus is an abundant and widely distributed Holarctic biting midge species, involved in the transmission of bluetongue virus (BTV) and Schmallenberg virus (SBV) to wild and domestic ruminants. Females of this vector species are often reported jointly with two morphologically very close species, C. scoticus and C. montanus, forming the Obsoletus/Scoticus Complex. Recently, cryptic diversity within C. obsoletus was reported in geographically distant sites. Clear delineation of species and characterization of genetic variability is mandatory to revise their taxonomic status and assess the vector role of each taxonomic entity. Our objectives were to characterize and map the cryptic diversity within the Obsoletus/Scoticus Complex. Methods: Portion of the cox1 mitochondrial gene of 3763 individuals belonging to the Obsoletus/Scoticus Complex was sequenced. Populations from 20 countries along a Palaearctic Mediterranean transect covering Scandinavia to Canary islands (North to South) and Canary islands to Turkey (West to East) were included. Genetic diversity based on cox1 barcoding was supported by 16S rDNA mitochondrial gene sequences and a gene coding for ribosomal 28S rDNA. Species delimitation using a multi-marker methodology was used to revise the current taxonomic scheme of the Obsoletus/Scoticus Complex. Results: Our analysis showed the existence of three phylogenetic clades (C. obsoletus clade O2, C. obsoletus clade dark and one not yet named and identified) within C. obsoletus. These analyses also revealed two intra-specific clades within C. scoticus and raised questions about the taxonomic status of C. montanus. Conclusions: To our knowledge, our study provides the first genetic characterization of the Obsoletus/Scoticus Complex on a large geographical scale and allows a revision of the current taxonomic classification for an important group of vector species of livestock viruses in the Palaearctic region.[Figure not available: See fulltext.]

KW - Biting midge

KW - Cryptic species

KW - Culicoides spp.

KW - Palaearctic Region

KW - Phylogeny

KW - Species delimitation

KW - Taxonomy

UR - https://parasitesandvectors.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13071-020-04349-y

U2 - 10.1186/s13071-020-04114-1

DO - 10.1186/s13071-020-04114-1

M3 - Journal article

C2 - 32434592

AN - SCOPUS:85085157021

VL - 13

JO - Parasites & Vectors

JF - Parasites & Vectors

SN - 1756-3305

IS - 1

M1 - 265

ER -