It is well documented that both epidermal growth factor (EGF) and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) are critical for porcine oocyte maturation, however, little information is known about their mechanism of action in vitro. To gain insight into the mechanisms of action of the optimum doses of EGF and GDNF on porcine oocyte maturation, porcine cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) were matured in defined porcine oocyte medium supplemented with EGF, GDNF or a combination of both at varying concentrations (0-100 ng/ml) for 44 h. Nuclear and cytoplasmic maturation were determined in terms of nuclear stage after DNA staining with Hoechst and cortical granule distribution after lectin labeling, respectively. Mature oocytes were subsequently collected for gene expression analysis or subjected to in vitro fertilization and cultured for 7 days. The results showed that EGF and/or GDNF, when administered in a certain dose (50 ng/μl) to the maturation medium, not only effectively improved the synchronization of nuclear and cytoplasmic maturation processes within the oocyte, but enhanced expression of their corresponding receptors in mature oocytes (P < 0.05). Moreover, supplementation with an optimal combination of EGF + GDNF resulted in elevation of TFAM transcripts as well as a decrease of caspase-3 transcripts compared with the other studied groups (P < 0.05). Collectively, our results indicate that treatment of porcine oocytes with specific-dose combinations of EGF and GDNF stimulates oocyte quality and competence by transcriptional modulation of genes involved in oocyte survival and competence.